Sub-chapter 59B holds the rules for owners of for-hire bases — the licensed companies that dispatch car services, black cars and limousines: base licensing, records, dispatching only affiliated vehicles and licensed drivers, advertising and base conduct. It replaced the base parts of old Chapter 6 in April 2011 and is still in force.
Accessible service didn't take reservations like regular service
A base must give people with disabilities 'equivalent service'. Item (c)(4)(ii)(D) covers the ability to accept reservations: if the base takes advance bookings for other riders, it must take them for riders who need an accessible vehicle too.
A base must not dispatch a vehicle affiliated with a different base unless it gives the customer the name and license number of both the affiliated base and the dispatching base, clearly labeled, in every communication, material and receipt. Older versions only required telling the customer.
§59B-17(D)(1)Old rule — replaced by 59B-17(D)513 charges · 2013–2020
Base sent another base's car without telling the customer
A base must dispatch its own affiliated vehicles. In the 2011–2014 rules, (d)(1) allowed sending a car affiliated with another base only if the base told the customer. From 2016 to 2018 it also required the other base to be the same type (livery with livery, black car or limo with black car or limo) and both bases' names and license numbers in every message and receipt. Today 59B-17(d) is one undivided rule requiring that disclosure.
§59B-17(D)(2)Old rule — replaced by 59B-17(D)6 charges · 2013–2018
Base dispatched another base's vehicle (accessible-vehicle exception)
In the 2011–2018 rules, (d)(2) was the exception that let a base dispatch a vehicle not affiliated with it when the vehicle was wheelchair-accessible (from 2016, only if the base also gave the customer both bases' names and license numbers). A charge citing it means the base sent another base's car outside the allowed exceptions. Today's 59B-17(d) has no separate accessible-vehicle exception.
Base duties toward its drivers (section not specified)
Section 59B-18 covers a base's responsibilities for its drivers: driver conduct rules, keeping drivers from parking illegally or causing nuisances near the base, driving-hour limits, written base agreements, fair fees and prompt pay, and vehicle leases. Check the summons for the subdivision charged.
Subdivision 59B-18(a) requires a base to create, maintain and enforce written rules for its drivers' conduct and to file them with TLC within seven days (not counting weekends and holidays) of creating or changing them.
A base owner must create, maintain and enforce rules for how its affiliated drivers behave while working as for-hire drivers, and must send them to TLC in writing within seven business days of creating or changing them.
Base's drivers parked illegally or did repairs near the base
In the 'restricted area' around a base (the block front and both sides of the base's street), the base must make sure its 'base personnel' (affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, on duty or not) do not double park, park on the sidewalk, across a driveway, or at a hydrant or bus stop, park or stand illegally, or do non-emergency repairs on the street.
Fine (published)
$50 for the first occasion; $100–$250 for second and later occasions; non-renewal of the base license for violations on six dates within 12 months. Appearance required.
In the 'restricted area' around a base (the block front and both sides of the base's street), the base must make sure its 'base personnel' (affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, on duty or not) do not double park. The base is charged for its drivers' conduct.
Fine (published)
$50 for the first occasion; $100–$250 for second and later occasions; non-renewal of the base license for violations on six dates within 12 months. Appearance required.
Base's drivers parked across a driveway near the base
In the 'restricted area' around a base (the block front and both sides of the base's street), the base must make sure its 'base personnel' (affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, on duty or not) do not park across a driveway. The base is charged for its drivers' conduct.
Fine (published)
$50 for the first occasion; $100–$250 for second and later occasions; non-renewal of the base license for violations on six dates within 12 months. Appearance required.
Base's drivers parked at a hydrant or bus stop near the base
In the 'restricted area' around a base (the block front and both sides of the base's street), the base must make sure its 'base personnel' (affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, on duty or not) do not park by or at a fire hydrant or bus stop. The base is charged for its drivers' conduct.
Fine (published)
$50 for the first occasion; $100–$250 for second and later occasions; non-renewal of the base license for violations on six dates within 12 months. Appearance required.
Base's drivers parked or stood illegally near the base
In the 'restricted area' around a base (the block front and both sides of the base's street), the base must make sure its 'base personnel' (affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, on duty or not) do not park, stop or stand in any way that breaks the NYS Vehicle and Traffic Law or NYC traffic rules. The base is charged for its drivers' conduct.
Fine (published)
$50 for the first occasion; $100–$250 for second and later occasions; non-renewal of the base license for violations on six dates within 12 months. Appearance required.
Base's drivers repaired cars on the street near the base
In the 'restricted area' around a base (the block front and both sides of the base's street), the base must make sure its 'base personnel' (affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, on duty or not) do not do mechanical maintenance or repairs on a vehicle, except emergency repairs needed to move a disabled car (like a dead battery or flat tire).
Fine (published)
$50 for the first occasion; $100–$250 for second and later occasions; non-renewal of the base license for violations on six dates within 12 months. Appearance required.
Base's drivers broke traffic or parking rules near the base
A base owner must make sure its 'base personnel', meaning affiliated vehicle owners and their drivers, obey all traffic and parking rules within the restricted area around the base: the block front and both sides of the base's street.
A base owner must make sure its affiliated owners and drivers do not create a nuisance in the restricted area around the base, such as needless horn honking, littering or playing loud audio.
Base dispatched a driver over the 10-hour daily limit
A base must not dispatch a driver to carry passengers for more than 10 hours in total in any 24-hour period. Only time with passengers counts, and the count resets after the driver gets no dispatches for at least eight hours in a row. A single trip that began before the limit was reached is a defense.
Fine (published)
$200 for each dispatch over the limit. Appearance not required.
Base dispatched a driver over the 60-hour weekly limit
A base must not dispatch a driver to carry passengers for more than 60 hours in total in any Monday-to-Sunday week. Only time with passengers counts, and hours already used for a daily-limit violation are not counted again.
Fine (published)
$200 for each dispatch over the limit. Appearance not required.
Base agreement with driver not in writing or not signed
All agreements between a base and its drivers or vehicle owners, including amendments, must be in writing and signed by both sides (e-signatures are allowed). The driver must get a copy of the signed agreement and be able to get it on request.
Base agreement didn't explain how driver pay is calculated
A base agreement must explain in clear language how the driver's earnings are calculated. That includes the share of passenger fares passed to the driver or the formula the base uses.
Fine (published)
First violation: $500; second and later: $1,000 and/or suspension up to 30 days; plus restitution to the driver ordered by the hearing officer. Appearance required.
Base agreements between a base and its drivers or vehicle owners must be written in clear and unambiguous language.
Fine (published)
First violation: $500; second and later: $1,000 and/or suspension up to 30 days; plus restitution to the driver ordered by the hearing officer. Appearance required.
A base may collect from drivers only the costs and fees listed in the base agreement; anything else is an overcharge. A base also must not take tips, make a driver pay a summons not written to the driver (with narrow franchise or co-op exceptions), or charge a fee on interior advertising revenue.
Fine (published)
First violation: $500; second and later: $1,000 and/or suspension up to 30 days; plus restitution to the driver of the amount charged in violation of the rule. Appearance required.
Base did not pay a driver within one week of a trip
Drivers must be paid their earnings for every trip within one week after the trip is completed. The exception is a filed franchise or cooperative agreement that sets other payment times, at a base that does not dispatch for a high-volume app company.
Fine (published)
$100, plus restitution of the difference between what the base paid and what the driver earned. Appearance not required.
Base made a driver pay a summons not written to the driver
A base cannot make a driver pay a summons that was not written to that driver. The only exception is a franchise agreement filed with the NYS Attorney General, or a cooperative agreement filed with TLC, that expressly allows it, at a base that does not dispatch for a high-volume app company.
Fine (published)
First violation: $500; second and later: $1,000 and/or suspension up to 30 days; plus restitution to the driver of the amount charged in violation of the rule. Appearance required.
Every base must collect records of each dispatched trip (pickup and drop-off date, time and place, driver and vehicle license numbers, dispatching and affiliated base, shared-ride and cancellation flags) and send them to TLC every month. A month's records are due by the last day of the next month, or an Affidavit of No Dispatch if there were no trips. Fines are counted per day late or per bad record.
Fine (published)
Current text: late records or no-dispatch affidavit: $100 per day past due (plead guilty before a hearing) or $150 per day (found guilty after), plus suspension until compliance, max $10,000. Incomplete or inaccurate records: $100 per record for the first ten, then $500 each, plus suspension until compliance, max $10,000. 2016 text: $100 (plead) or $150 (after hearing) plus suspension until compliance.
Base trip records missing the driver's TLC license number
For every dispatched call, a base's trip records must include the driver's TLC Driver License number (before October 2016, the For-Hire license number). Missing or wrong driver numbers make the record incomplete.
A base must submit trip records for each month no later than the last day of the following month (September's trips are due October 31). Penalties build up for every day the records are late, along with suspension until the records are in.
Fine (published)
$100 for each day past the due date if you plead guilty before a hearing, or $150 per day if found guilty after a hearing, plus suspension until compliance; maximum $10,000. Appearance not required.
Trip records a base submits to TLC must be accurate. For example, the date, time and location of each pickup must be correct. Penalties are counted for each inaccurate trip record.
Fine (published)
$100 per inaccurate trip record for the first ten, then $500 per inaccuracy, plus suspension until compliance; maximum $10,000. Appearance not required.
Subdivision 59B-19(b) requires a base to keep its trip and vehicle records, make them available to TLC inspectors during business hours, and keep them at the base for the required period (now 18 months for operational records and 12 months for inspection records).
Fine (published)
$100 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $150 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
A base must keep all required trip and vehicle records and make them available for inspection by TLC representatives during regular business hours. This charge is typically written when an inspector visits and the records can't be produced.
Fine (published)
$100 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $150 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
Required operating records must be kept at the base: for six months under the 2011–2016 rules, 18 months under the current rule. Inspection records must be kept for 12 months. Discarding records early is a violation.
Fine (published)
$100 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $150 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
Subdivision 59B-20(a) requires a base to file its name and any trade name with TLC and use only one approved base name and one trade name. It may not use a name approved for another base unless the owners are identical, and TLC can reject names too similar to another base's.
A for-hire base must file with TLC its base name and every public-facing name it uses in branding, operations, promotions or advertising. Using an unfiled trade name breaks this rule.
A base must report any change of its mailing address or email address to TLC within ten days. TLC notices sent to the last address on file count as delivered, so an out-of-date address can mean missed summonses.
A base must keep a current telephone number on file with TLC. It must reach an answering machine, pager, answering service or similar so TLC can reach the base owner at any hour.
Base record-keeping and filing rules (section not specified)
Section 59B-21 lists records a base must keep or file with TLC: rate schedule, hours, public contact information, affiliated vehicles and drivers, off-street parking proof, TLC record-keeping procedures, and data-security policies. Check the summons for the subdivision charged.
A base must file a rate schedule with TLC in an approved form. It must include any price multipliers or variable pricing policies and, for bases dispatching street hail liveries, rates for pre-arranged trips.
A base must file a new rate schedule with TLC whenever it changes its rates, as well as every year, with every renewal, and with any application to change ownership or location.
A base must file with TLC all contact information it offers the public for booking rides: telephone numbers, websites, email addresses and, in later versions, smartphone apps.
Base contact info misused or no customer-service contact filed
In the 2011–2014 rules, (c)(2) said a base's public phone numbers, websites and emails may be used only with its approved base name. From about 2015, (c)(2) requires a base whose booking contacts can't reach it for customer service to file a working customer-service phone number or email.
Subdivision 59B-21(d) requires a base to keep 12 months of records on its affiliated vehicles and their drivers and send the list to TLC every quarter. Street hail livery bases must keep and report it electronically.
Fine (published)
(d)(1)–(2): $50; (d)(3): $100; (d)(4): $500. Appearance not required.
Base did not keep a list of its affiliated vehicles
A base must keep paper or electronic records of all for-hire vehicles affiliated with or dispatched by it during the past 12 months. Records include affiliation dates, VINs, registration numbers, FHV license numbers, inspection records and affiliation forms.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of every for-hire vehicle affiliated with or dispatched by it in the past 12 months. Clause (d)(1)(i) requires the dates each vehicle was affiliated with the base. Missing items make the vehicle list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of every for-hire vehicle affiliated with or dispatched by it in the past 12 months. Clause (d)(1)(ii) requires each vehicle's vehicle identification number (VIN). Missing items make the vehicle list incomplete.
Base vehicle records missing DMV registration numbers
A base must keep paper or electronic records of every for-hire vehicle affiliated with or dispatched by it in the past 12 months. Clause (d)(1)(iii) requires each vehicle's DMV (or other state) registration number. Missing items make the vehicle list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of every for-hire vehicle affiliated with or dispatched by it in the past 12 months. Clause (d)(1)(iv) requires each vehicle's TLC For-Hire Vehicle License number. Missing items make the vehicle list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of every for-hire vehicle affiliated with or dispatched by it in the past 12 months. Clause (d)(1)(v) requires the vehicle's inspection records. Missing items make the vehicle list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of every for-hire vehicle affiliated with or dispatched by it in the past 12 months. Clause (d)(1)(vi) requires copies of the forms used to affiliate and disaffiliate each vehicle. Missing items make the vehicle list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of all drivers of its affiliated vehicles. Records include their dates of operation, DMV driver's license numbers and TLC license numbers.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of the drivers of its vehicles. Clause (d)(2)(i) requires the dates each driver operated. Gaps make the driver list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of the drivers of its vehicles. Clause (d)(2)(ii) requires each driver's DMV driver's license number. Gaps make the driver list incomplete.
A base must keep paper or electronic records of the drivers of its vehicles. Clause (d)(2)(iii) requires each driver's TLC Driver License number (For-Hire Driver's License number before October 2016).
Base did not send TLC its quarterly vehicle and driver list
A base (other than a high-volume app service, which reports monthly under 59D) must send TLC its list of affiliated drivers and vehicles every quarter.
A livery base must keep at the base, ready for inspection, proof that it meets the off-street parking rules in 59B-15(j), such as a lease for enough spaces within 1.5 miles. Inspectors usually ask for it during base visits.
A base owner must comply with all record-keeping procedures TLC sets. It is the general record-keeping rule used when a base's records don't meet TLC's required format or process.
Fine (published)
$50 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $100 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
Subdivision 59B-23(b) applies to livery bases. They must give every prospective passenger an accurate, binding price quote (or a binding explanation of how the fare is figured), disclose the right to a quote on app or web bookings, and honor the quote unless the passenger changes the trip.
Fine (published)
2011–2014 texts: $100 for failure to provide a quote on request. 2016 and current texts: $75 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $100 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
A livery base must give a prospective passenger an accurate, binding price quote for the trip and any stops. Since about 2015 it must also ask every caller for a destination; if none is given, it must explain in a binding way how the fare will be figured (time, mileage, zones).
Fine (published)
2011–2014 texts: $100 for failure to provide a quote on request. 2016 and current texts: $75 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $100 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
Livery base did not honor its quote or disclose quote rights
Before about 2015, (b)(2) required a livery base to honor its price quote unless the passenger changed the destination or stops. In later versions, (b)(2) requires a base taking app or web bookings to ask for the destination and tell the passenger in writing they'll get a binding quote.
Fine (published)
2011–2014 texts: $100 for failure to provide a quote on request. 2016 and current texts: $75 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $100 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
If the passenger accepts a livery base's quoted price, the base must charge that price. The only exceptions are when the passenger changes the pickup date, time or place, the destination, the number of stops, or the vehicle type.
Fine (published)
$75 if you plead guilty before a hearing; $100 if found guilty after a hearing. Appearance not required.
Base did not stop its cars from taking street hails
A base must keep and enforce rules that stop its affiliated or dispatched vehicles and their drivers from picking up street hails. Street hail liveries may take hails only in the Hail Zone. If its cars are found taking hails, the base can be suspended until it complies.
A for-hire base must not present itself as a 'taxi' or 'taxicab' service or use the words 'taxi', 'taxicab', 'cab', 'hack' or 'coach' to describe its business. Only yellow medallion taxis are taxis under TLC rules.
Subdivision 59B-25(c) requires a base to state that it is TLC-licensed, and to show its base license number, in all ads, websites, apps, fliers, business cards and receipts.
A base must clearly state that it is licensed by TLC in all passenger-facing ads (print, broadcast, online) and in handbills, fliers, websites, apps, other promotional materials, business cards and receipts.
§59B-25(G)Old rule — replaced by 59B-25(f)46 charges · 2016
Base dispatched a car waiting at JFK or LaGuardia pickup areas
In the 2016 rule book, 59B-25(g) said a base must not dispatch a vehicle parked or waiting at Kennedy or LaGuardia Airport unless it was parked outside the airport's designated passenger pickup locations. That rule is now 59B-25(f); today's 59B-25(g) is about base names and rates in booking apps.
Base dispatched a vehicle with overdue TLC inspection
Section 59B-26 has one rule: for-hire vehicles must be inspected three times a year, at least once every four months. A base must not dispatch a vehicle that has missed an inspection until it passes.
Base dispatched a car that missed a TLC inspection
For-hire vehicles must pass TLC inspection three times a year, at least once every four months. A base must not dispatch a vehicle that missed an inspection until it passes. This charge is the base's share of an overdue-inspection violation.
Section 59B-27 bars use of vehicles that TLC or DMV found unsafe or unfit. It also requires seat belts and shoulder belts that are visible and working, including rear outside shoulder belts. Seat belt violations under (b) and (c) carry $100–$250.
No for-hire vehicle may be used in for-hire service after TLC or the NYS DMV has found it unsafe or unfit and ordered it off the road. The base is responsible for not dispatching it.
A for-hire vehicle must not be altered after manufacture to increase its length, width, weight or seating capacity, or to change its chassis or body design. Exceptions exist for manufacturer-approved modifications and certain certified larger vehicles.
Modified vehicle not altered by a manufacturer-certified shop
A for-hire vehicle may be altered after manufacture only if the change was done under a program the original manufacturer approved and, under (a)(2)(ii), by a company the manufacturer approved and certified to do such alterations.
Base dispatched a car whose plate numbers didn't match
A base must not dispatch a vehicle unless the plate number on its NYC motor vehicle tax stamp, its state registration and its TLC decals all match each other and the plates on the car.
Base dispatched a car whose VIN didn't match its decals
A base must not dispatch a vehicle unless the last six digits of the VIN on the TLC decals match the last six digits of the VIN on the state registration and on the vehicle itself.
Vehicle ID check: New York car lacked official T&LC plates
Under the vehicle-identification rule in 59B-28(b), a base must not dispatch a for-hire vehicle registered in New York unless it has official 'T&LC' license plates. It overlaps with the unlicensed-activity plate rule in 59B-11(b)(1)(i) but carries its own penalty: a fine plus suspension until the plates are fixed.
Fine (published)
$100–$350 and suspension until compliance. Appearance not required.
Base vehicle markings rules (section not specified)
Section 59B-29 lists the markings a vehicle needs before a base may dispatch it: TLC decals, registration and inspection stickers, no taxi-yellow paint, no unpermitted ads, tax stamp, base signs on liveries, accessible and clean-air signs, and required safety stickers. Penalties differ by subdivision.
A base must not dispatch a vehicle unless it carries valid TLC license decals put on by TLC staff: three for most vehicles (front windshield and both rear quarter windows), one for luxury limousines. New decals are needed after renewal, a vehicle change, an affiliation change or new plates.
Fine (published)
$500 for the first offense in 12 months; $1,000 for the second and later offenses within 12 months. Appearance not required.
TLC Help is not a law firm and is not affiliated with the NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission or OATH. Explanations on this site are general information, not legal advice. Legal representation is provided by independent attorneys and OATH-registered representatives in our network.